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Epistemology of Obedience: The User’s Will in the Age of Algorithmic Grace

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 In the Name of the Algorithm and the Mind

We live in an age of seamless submission. Not because freedom has been taken away, but because obedience has been aesthetically integrated into our everyday rituals. The digital environment no longer demands loyalty; it elicits it through interface design, personalisation, and emotionally calibrated frictionlessness. As Gillespie et al. (2014) argue, media technologies should be understood as communication tools and infrastructures that shape epistemic environments, framing what is visible and what can be known. What we perceive as autonomy is, in many cases, a well-orchestrated performance of freedom.

We are not choosing freely; we are consenting within pre-curated limits. Modern algorithmic systems operate beneath the threshold of conscious scrutiny. Their success depends not on visibility but on affective invisibility. As Broussard (2018) observes, this invisibility is not an accident but a design strategy that hides bias behind the illusion of objectivity while ritualising its repetition as common sense. They do not ask for attention; it becomes the background to thought itself. As digital infrastructures mediate knowledge, interaction, and perception, the user is gradually configured to trust without verification, to choose without reflection, and to navigate within boundaries designed to feel boundless.

This monograph begins with a question that has remained under-articulated in scholarly literature: What does obedience mean in the digital condition? Not political obedience nor legal submission, but the quiet, cognitive, and affective compliance that arises when algorithms govern the conditions under which we form beliefs, assess risk, and assign trust. This monograph is not about the mechanics of technology, but about the perceptual and emotional conditions it creates.

Regarding the reorganisation of interiority in a context where users are subject to increasingly sophisticated regimes of prediction and persuasion, power no longer operates through explicit instruction but through ambient influence. This condition resonates with Tuđman’s (2008) articulation of the informational battlefield as an epistemic terrain, where perception becomes the primary site of strategic intervention. Han (2017) describes this ambient modality as a psychopolitical shift, where freedom is internalised as self-optimisation, making obedience feel like personal clarity. In this landscape, concepts such as freedom, responsibility, and consent demand redefinition ; not because they are obsolete but because they are being simulated.

The theoretical starting point of this work is that obedience today is epistemic before it is behavioural. Before users act, they perceive. Before they perceive, systems have filtered, framed, and ranked what is visible, urgent, or credible. For example, before users decide what to watch or read, platforms such as Netflix or TikTok have already surfaced content that fits past preferences, reinforcing a sense of agency while narrowing the options field. Hui (2015) conceptualises digital objects as ontological operators ; not passive containers of data but active mediators that prefigure the terms of perception itself.

What was once the domain of deliberate thinking is now a function of curated exposure. As Andrejevic (2013) notes, the saturation of information environments does not expand agency; it often replaces judgment with algorithmic preselection, framing cognition as a function of exposure rather than deliberation. This shift demands a new vocabulary that does not pathologise the user but interrogates the systems that render submission effortless. A structured glossary of terms used throughout the monograph is provided in Appendix C, facilitating interdisciplinary translation of the concepts. The central concept proposed in this monograph is the epistemology of obedience: a condition in which knowing, trusting, and deciding are algorithmically intertwined. It is not that users no longer think; it is that the architecture of digital life increasingly feels for them, not by replacing their thoughts, but by shaping their preconditions.

This epistemology is soft, fluid, and affectively intelligent. It presents itself not as domination but as help, not as control but as comfort. Calo (2017) warns that such comfort-driven design displaces traditional legal consent frameworks, creating normative environments outside user awareness. To think through this condition, I introduce the concepts of algorithmic will and grace. The former refers to the structure of decision-making in which the user believes they are expressing their will while enacting options shaped by system logic. The latter, algorithmic grace, speaks to the aesthetic and emotional register through which digital environments grant users personalised responses that simulate care, forgiveness, and redemption. Spotify’s “Discover Weekly” or Amazon’s product suggestions are typical examples; they present recommendations as benevolent guidance, creating the affective illusion of attentiveness or care.

These concepts are not drawn from existing theoretical vocabularies; they are constructed as epistemic tools for articulating the affective logic of digital power. A comprehensive inventory of these original concepts and their operational definitions is provided in Appendix A. Algorithmic will address the illusion of autonomy structured through system-compliant affordances. Emotional architecture captures how interface design preconditions the user’s affective responses, converting friction into flow. Predictive submission refers to a state in which the user’s behaviour aligns with platform expectations not through instruction but through the anticipatory configuration of comfort and coherence. These are not metaphors. They are structural categories that frame the core tension of digital subjectivity: how consent is designed, how emotion is calibrated, and how freedom becomes a ritual of legibility.

These are not theological metaphors. They are structural analogies that illuminate how deeply algorithmic systems intersect with human vulnerability. This work is situated at the intersection of communication theory, cognitive studies, security discourse, and the philosophy of technology. It builds upon existing critiques of surveillance capitalism, data extraction, and digital governance but moves beyond them. Rather than focusing on institutions of power, it concentrates on the conditions of internalisation, the micro-rituals of submission that characterise digital life. From clicking “accept all” to scrolling past risk to confusing familiarity with truth, digital obedience is less a crisis than a condition.

Furthermore, it is in that condition that this monograph finds its urgency. While many disciplines have addressed aspects of algorithmic life-law, media studies, sociology, and information science, few have attempted to theorise the epistemic mechanics of user subjection. That is the ambition of this monograph. To name what is not yet fully named. To describe a phenomenon that remains experientially pervasive yet conceptually elusive. Galloway (2012) frames this elusiveness as a defining feature of protocol governance, where control is not imposed vertically but embedded horizontally within networks of permission. This is not an empirical study, but it is not speculative either. It draws upon structured patterns, observable behaviours, theoretical precedents, and interpretive logic. It acknowledges existing scholarship while making a decisive break from frameworks that reduce users to passive victims or naïve actors.

The digital subjects of this monograph are not powerless, but they are malleable. Moreover, in this malleability, the core tension lies in how freedom can be performed under conditions of algorithmic prefiguration. The monograph’s structure follows a deliberate arc from concept system to case and model. Deibert (2020) insists that reclaiming agency in digital systems requires rethinking civil infrastructures as public goods, not just commercial platforms but shared epistemic environments.

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Epistemology of Obedience: The User’s Will in the Age of Algorithmic Grace

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Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech: The Transformative Role of Visual Art and Music in Maltese Language Learning for Adults

Transformation of the Insurance Business in Countries with Transition Economies (Based on Uzbekistan Experience)

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Introduction
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Transformation of the Insurance Business in Countries with Transition Economies (Based on Uzbekistan Experience)

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In the late 1980s and early 1990s, pro-Moscow regimes fell down in socialist countries, and in 1991 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) itself collapsed and was replaced by 15 post-Soviet republics. At the same time, the former countries of the Eastern Europe, members of the so-called socialist camp, as well as Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were accepted into the European nations family and turned to the European development model. And the rest of the USSR countries were mostly left to their own. Therefore, each post-Soviet country has chosen its own way for market development.

For example, countries such as Russia and Kazakhstan, rich in natural resources liquid on the international market, as well as Ukraine and most other post-Soviet countries, now part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), chose the path of “shock therapy” – a rapid transition to a market economy. As a result, former large Soviet giants in the production of oil and gas, precious and non-ferrous metals, industrial enterprises were privatized by non-transparent schemes, usually for a symbolic amount and natural rent from the mining and processing of raw materials was kept in the offshore accounts of the new oligarchy (Materials of the international conference, 2004).

Uzbekistan has decided not to privatize enterprises related to the mining of valuable natural hydrocarbon resources, precious, rare and non-ferrous metals in order to direct natural rent to the state budget and finance country development programs, education, healthcare, transport and other production and non-production infrastructure (Karimov, 2012, p. 167).

Of course, the starting conditions in the CIS countries were unequal. If the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Russia at that time was $3.4 thousand, in Kazakhstan – $1.5 thousand then in Kyrgyzstan it was $575, Armenia – $572, Tajikistan – $243. Obviously, most of these countries, which had never previously pursued their independent economic policy, after taking over the country governance immediately faced such depressing conditions as a triple deficit of the state budget, trade and payment balances, disruption of production relations with other former USSR countries, the closure of most industrial enterprises, galloping inflation and unemployment.

The amount of financial support provided by the international financial, primarily Bretton- Wood institutions, in post-Soviet countries was significantly less than in European post-Soviet countries and was of a corrective nature. It should be noted that International Financial Institutions have concentrated mainly on the support of the Russian Federation and Ukraine, spending billions of dollars for financial support.

It must be admitted that the Bretton-Wood institutions themselves turned out to be not prepared for the USSR unexpected collapse and, when developing recommendations for the post-Soviet countries economic policy, were too naive and unreasonably optimistic which led to the economic crisis deepening in countries with transition economies.

A striking example confirming this thesis is the resounding default of Russia and the state financial system bankruptcy in 1998 (Galeev, 2006).

As for the other republics of the former USSR, at that time they were considered as Russia’s backyard and the methodological and financial assistance provided was quite modest. For example, in 1993, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) allocated only 160 million US Dollars to countries with more than 20 million people to support the programs of economic restructuring and free transition to currency convertibility (Sanghera et al., 2023).

Accordingly, financial markets and their most important component, insurance markets, developed in the general context of the accepted concept of economic and structural reforms of these countries. The insurance markets of post-Soviet countries have a common past and common feature, but each of them follows its own development model. It primarily depends on the state policy.

The history of the insurance markets development in the Central Asian states began the same for the CIS – everywhere the insurance industry comes from the Gosstrakh (Soviet State Insurance) which divisions became the basis for the largest national insurers formation. Later, private insurers, including those with foreign investment, became an alternative to state-owned companies (Azimov, 2021).

In the following years, despite the territorial and historical commonality of the countries, insurance markets developed according to rather different scenarios. Some republics have taken a course towards Western insurance markets models – these include, first of all, Kazakhstan which recently completed a reform to bring regulatory principles closer to EU directives. Others have developed looking at their neighbors’ experience and taking into account their own conditions. The path of Turkmenistan turned out to be especially specific – Turkmengosstrakh company kept the monopoly there.

At the same time, despite the close neighborhood, insurance markets are gradually developing in accordance with market principles, although there are general trends – the predominance of voluntary property insurance in the market structure, dependence on the mortgages and other types of loans development.

In order to accelerate the comprehensive and dynamic economic and social development and liberalization of the country the “Action Strategy in Five Priority Areas of Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017 – 2021” (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) was approved and in order to carry out this Strategy a number of comprehensive programs and measures were developed (Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017).

In accordance with the objectives of the Strategy, the country devotes considerable attention to solving the problems of social protection of the population: consistent measures are being taken to ensure decent living conditions for the population, the health care and education systems are being fundamentally reformed, a program for the construction of affordable housing is being implemented, etc.

As noted in the World Bank Group’s annual report “Doing Business 2020”, Uzbekistan has implemented four reforms that allowed it to become one of the 20 countries that have achieved the greatest progress in improving the business climate. Uzbekistan took 69th place (among 190 countries of the world) in the Doing Business 2020 rating scoring 69.9 points out of 100. And the authoritative British journal The Economist named Uzbekistan as the country of the year. The magazine notes that in 2019 “no other country has advanced as far as Uzbekistan”.

Liberalization, modernization and swift growth of the national economy lead to the expansion of the country’s insurance market and the new modern insurance products emergence. Agriculture modernization and accelerated development leads to the emergence of new types of insurance products in the field of agricultural insurance.

The main goal of the reforms carried out in the country by the above strategy was declared as the domestic economy transition to full-fledged market principles and mechanisms, and its close integration into the world economic system, deep structural reforms aimed at modernizing production and service sector, as well as the social sphere, providing for deep processing of local raw materials, access to the world export markets with high value added products, growth in employment, population real income in order to ensure growth in national well-being and citizens living standards. The implementation of the first stage of the Economic Transformation Strategy allowed Uzbekistan to become one of the most dynamically developing states in Central Asia.

Nowadays, in Uzbekistan the insurance development acquires national importance. In modern conditions, insurance in the country is developing on principles that are completely different from the centralized administrative-command system existed for 70 years. Therefore, the creation of insurance guarantees system on market conditions, the insurance services rapid development provided by non-state insurance companies in the Republic of Uzbekistan as a mechanism for reliable protection of the property interests of citizens, business entities and the state are extremely popular and a particularly significant element of a full-fledged modern business environment. The presence of the above conditions predetermines the monograph topic importance.

It should be noted that despite the research work and scientific research was carried out in practice, theoretical, methodological and individual practical issues related to improving the insurance development and application at the stage of economic modernization were not disclosed in a comprehensive manner. This situation further increases the significance of scientific and applied issues presented in the monograph as well as proposals and recommendations for their elimination.

The scientific significance of the research results presented in the monograph is determined by the possibility of using them both to improve the risk insurance methodology in the context of economic modernization, and in scientific research conducted in our country and aimed at the scientific and theoretical development of the following disciplines: “Insurance Theory”, “Insurance” and “Riskology”.

The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of methodological bases for regulatory documents and action programs aimed at further improving the insurance business in Uzbekistan.

The first chapter of the monograph considers the stages of formation of financial systems and insurance markets in post-Soviet countries, trends in insurance activities state regulation during the transition of post-Soviet states to a market economy and the main aspects of the legal regulation of insurance activities during the transition to a market economy in these countries.

The second chapter of the monograph contains in-depth study of the risk environment of legal entities and individuals in the conditions of modernization of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to innovation risks and regulatory compliance risks of the insurer. At the same time, as a working hypothesis, it is accepted that the risk management system effectiveness for individuals and legal entities in a modernized economy is largely determined by the quality and completeness of the stage of risk identification and analysis, and more preferable method of risk management for individuals and legal entities is where this stage of risk management for individuals and legal entities is carried out at professional level by trained people using settled methods.

The third chapter of the monograph is devoted to the theoretical and methodological aspects of the insurance development in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As a working hypothesis in our study, we adopted the thesis that domestic insurance market, as an industry market for the country’s financial market, is a set of insurance activities professional participants interacting in the technological, informational, economic and managerial spheres. It is accepted that the insurance market is in the process of endogenous evolutionary development, the driving factor of which is its inherent internal issues, processes and contradictions and should be studied as a system in the process of dynamic development. Promoting economic growth and development, the insurance market, its condition, structure, scale and variety of functions performed, in turn, reflect the development of the country’s economy, the quality of its institutions, and the business climate.

The fourth chapter of the monograph examines the historical development and modern trends in the insurance development in Uzbekistan. As a result of the research, it was found that the state of insurance in the period immediately preceding the independent development of the country did not contribute to the insurance culture development, did not take into account local characteristics and did not lead to the creation of national insurance model.

The role of insurance in achieving national sustainable development goals in Uzbekistan, issues of insurance companies’ financial sustainability as the basis for ensuring the insurance accessibility in managing risks of individuals and legal entities are discussed in the fifth chapter of the monograph. Assessing the solvency and financial stability of insurers is a rather complex task and requires the collection, processing, and interpretation of a large volume of statistical information, the use of labor-intensive economic-mathematical and probabilistic-statistical methods using modern applied software products. The chapter concludes that it is advisable to improve the system for calculating insurance provisions for certain insurance types.

The possibility for the national insurance model creation for the Republic of Uzbekistan and further insurance development as an element of the risk management system for individuals and legal entities in Uzbekistan are studied in the sixth chapter of the monograph. As part of the proposed strategy for the domestic insurance market development, a national insurance model is considered, including: classic commercial insurance and commercial mutual insurance types; modernized commercial insurance types (inclusive insurance, insurance with participation in the insurer’s profit); non-profit mutual insurance using the principles of financial co-participation on the basis of voluntary association of citizens living in the same neighborhood.

Proposed strategy implementation implies the availability of qualified specialists capable of working effectively within the framework of the national insurance model. Obviously, one of the conditions for successful insurance development is the presence of a system of training and retraining of highly qualified specialists, including effective retraining of employees of the country’s insurance organizations. At the same time, both specialists and managers in the insurance industry must have the most up-to-date knowledge about various aspects of the insurance development as the risk management system element for legal entities and individuals, problems and prospects for using the insurance potential as a factor of economic and social stability in the context of economy transformation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This monograph can be used by both researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, and specialists of insurance companies when studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of insurance innovative development in the Republic of Uzbekistan and solving the insurance business applied problems.

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Epistemology of Obedience: The User’s Will in the Age of Algorithmic Grace

Reflections on Higher Education: Challenges and Achievements

Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech: The Transformative Role of Visual Art and Music in Maltese Language Learning for Adults

Transformation of the Insurance Business in Countries with Transition Economies (Based on Uzbekistan Experience)

Introduction

Chapter And Authors Information
Introduction
From the Edited Volume

Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech: The Transformative Role of Visual Art and Music in Maltese Language Learning for Adults

Content

Language acquisition transcends the mere process of memorising vocabulary and mastering grammatical structures; it is a deeply immersive experience that intertwines cognitive, emotional, and cultural dimensions. In today’s increasingly globalised world, where linguistic diversity is a cornerstone of multicultural societies, the demand for innovative and effective second language acquisition (SLA) methodologies has never been greater. Traditional pedagogical approaches, while significant, often fail to fully engage learners on a sensory and experiential level, particularly adult learners who face distinct cognitive and affective challenges in mastering a new language. This monograph, “Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech: The Transformative Role of Visual Art and Music in Maltese Language Learning for Adults”, by Jacqueline Żammit, presents a captivating exploration of the intersection between artistic expression and linguistic proficiency. Through rigorous research and insightful analysis, Żammit demonstrates how visual art and music can serve as powerful tools in facilitating the acquisition of Maltese as a second language (ML2).
The Maltese language, with its unique blend of Semitic and Romance influences, poses particular challenges for adult learners, especially those without prior exposure to Semitic linguistic structures. Its intricate morphology, phonetic patterns, and syntactic structures can be daunting for learners accustomed to Indo-European languages. Moreover, the traditional methods employed in Maltese language instruction often lack the dynamism needed to captivate adult learners and sustain long-term engagement. Recognising these challenges, this monograph seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical linguistics and practical pedagogy by integrating multisensory learning techniques that leverage the cognitive and affective benefits of visual art and music.
Visual art, as an instructional medium, has been widely acknowledged for its capacity to stimulate memory retention, foster creativity, and provide contextualised linguistic input. Studies in SLA have shown that visual imagery aids in the reinforcement of vocabulary acquisition, enhances comprehension, and reduces learner anxiety by shifting the focus from rote memorization to meaningful interaction with the language. Similarly, music has long been recognised for its role in phonological development, rhythm-based reinforcement of speech patterns, and its ability to create emotional and mnemonic connections with linguistic content. Through an in-depth exploration of these elements, Żammit highlights the potential of art and music to revolutionise the way Maltese is taught to adult learners.

This monograph also engages with broader debates in the field of SLA, particularly concerning the role of multisensory learning and its neurological underpinnings. By drawing upon cognitive psychology, applied linguistics, and educational theory, the study provides a robust framework for understanding the mechanisms through which art and music enhance language acquisition. The findings presented herein underscore the importance of creating an immersive, culturally attuned learning environment that fosters linguistic competence while also nurturing learners’ intrinsic motivation and confidence.
Beyond its theoretical contributions, “Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech” offers practical applications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers. It advocates for a pedagogical shift that moves beyond conventional teaching paradigms to embrace a more holistic, interdisciplinary approach. By integrating artistic and musical elements into ML2 instruction, educators can create a more engaging and effective learning experience that caters to diverse learning styles and cognitive profiles. Furthermore, the study highlights the broader socio-cultural implications of such an approach, emphasising the role of language learning in fostering intercultural understanding and social cohesion within Malta’s increasingly diverse population.
Consequently, this monograph is a timely and essential contribution to the field of second language pedagogy, particularly within the context of Maltese as a second language. It challenges educators to rethink traditional methodologies and consider the transformative potential of integrating art and music into language instruction. By doing so, it not only enhances linguistic proficiency but also enriches the learner’s cultural and emotional connection to the language. Through its interdisciplinary approach and empirical insights, “Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech” stands as an essential resource for anyone invested in the future of language education in Malta and beyond.

 

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Epistemology of Obedience: The User’s Will in the Age of Algorithmic Grace

Reflections on Higher Education: Challenges and Achievements

Canvas of Words, Rhythm of Speech: The Transformative Role of Visual Art and Music in Maltese Language Learning for Adults

Transformation of the Insurance Business in Countries with Transition Economies (Based on Uzbekistan Experience)

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La Résilience Socio-Économique et L’Adaptation Entre Covid-19 & Risques de Guerre

Content

La résilience est une construction complexe et multiforme qui a été définie, et de plus en plus élaborée, au fil du temps, dans différents contextes scientifiques, culturels et nationaux. Elle concerne le domaine scientifique, la vie socio-économique/environnementale et politique des êtres humains où ils vivent dans le monde. La réalité de l’historique de la résilience est largement reconnue à travers nombre de cultures et de pays, c’est pourquoi il n’existe pas de définition universellement reconnue de la résilience. D’ailleurs, dans beaucoup de langues, il n’existe pas, au départ, de mot pour le dire, l’anglais est une des rares langues ayant un mot courant pour indiquer la résilience humaine: (resilience ou resiliency); c’est pour cela beaucoup de langues ont adapté le mot anglais à leur propre usage; le français a le verbe “résilier” dont le seul emploi est résilier un contrat; mais la résilience ne consiste-t-elle pas à résilier un contrat avec l’adversité et les désastres que l’être humain fait face.

La résilience est dynamique, à partir de problèmes, qui peuvent relever du quotidien ou de chocs très graves, l’individu va déclencher des mécanismes qui vont l’amener tout d’abord à résister, puis possiblement à s’adapter, et parfois à connaître une croissance post-traumatique ou une constatation des avantages qui est un changement psychologique positif subi à la suite de l’adversité et d’autres défis afin d’atteindre un niveau de fonctionnement plus élevé.
C’est depuis plus de cent ans que la résilience est entrée dans le vocabulaire des langues, d’abord scientifique (science des matériaux), puis vulgariser vers d’autres disciplines et dans la vie des populations à travers le monde.
L’interaction entre les personnes et leurs environnements socio-économiques et physiques ou sanitaire est également une considération importante lors de la conceptualisation de la résilience et de la mise en application dans la réalité.
Après des mois de souffrance et de panique autour du monde tout entier rien ne semble normal, une chose est claire aux yeux de tous: personne ne peut prédire avec certitude à quoi ressemblera l’avenir post-COVID-19, les chefs d’états ainsi que d’entreprises ne doivent pas

seules et simplement préparer l’avenir; ils devraient se préparer en partenariat à de nombreux scénarios des futurs possibles. Alors que le coronavirus/Covid-19 et l’agent pathogène sont devenus pandémiques, un groupe de planificateurs de scénarios et de futuristes a reconnu la nécessité d’une vision à long terme de la situation actuelle et d’une évaluation des possibilités futures basé sur le respect de la vie humaine et de la nature et son environnement protégé. C’est la raison pour laquelle, les pays de l’Occident ont pris des mesures rigoureuses pour faire face à cette pandémie au niveau de chaque pays comme (la France) ainsi qu’au niveau de l’union Européen.

En ce qui concerne la théorie, il existe un croisement entre la résilience et d’autres théories telles que l’attachement ou le traumatisme, ainsi qu’avec la pratique basée sur les forces.

L’approche fondée sur les forces est une pratique de travail social qui met l’accent sur les forces (Compétences, ressources, caractéristiques personnelles, intérêts, motivations) de l’individu, de la famille, de la communauté, des organisations et des nations. La résilience est donc un processus permanent de connexion, de lien avec les gens, avec les intérêts et finalement avec la vie elle-même. L’espoir des gens réside dans le fait de faire quelque chose pour modifier ces liens, voir que les personnes qui commencent dans un mauvais environnement peuvent développer un sentiment de puissance.

La recherche sur la résilience montre au domaine que le plan directeur pour construire ce sentiment d’appartenance et de lieu dans le cosmos réside dans les relations, et met le domaine au défi de construire cette connectivité, ce sentiment d’appartenance, en transformant nos familles, nos écoles, nos communautés et nos organisations pour qu’elles deviennent des foyers psychologiques dans lesquels les gens peuvent trouver des relations solidaires et respectueuses et des opportunités de participation significative. Pour créer ces lieux et être ce quelqu’un participant activement à la résilience, il faut avant tout soutenir la propre résilience.

L’apprentissage est considéré comme un processus de modélisation, qu’il s’agit d’un défi majeur pour les éducateurs et les acteurs dans la société qui n’accorde pas assez une priorité élevée aux jeunes ni à la satisfaction des besoins humains fondamentaux de la population.

Par contre, la pratique sur la résilience fournit un mandat pour le changement social en vue de créer ces relations et opportunités dans tous les systèmes humains tout au long de la vie, changer le statu quo signifie changer les paradigmes, à la fois personnellement et professionnellement, du risque à la résilience, du contrôle à la participation, de la résolution de problèmes au développement positif, de l’ethnocentrisme au multiculturalisme, de la perception des jeunes comme des problèmes aux ressources, du renforcement des institutions au renforcement de la communauté, etc. Cependant, pour favoriser la résilience, il faut également travailler au niveau politique pour la justice éducative, sociale et économique. Cela signifie transformer non seulement nos familles, écoles et communautés, mais aussi créer une société fondée sur la satisfaction des besoins de ses citoyens, jeunes, adultes et vieux.

La promotion de la résilience, c’est-à-dire la promotion du développement humain, est un processus et non seulement un programme. La résilience promet donc de déplacer les domaines de la prévention, de l’éducation et du développement des gens au-delà de leur concentration sur le programme et ce qu’ils font, pour mettre l’accent sur le processus et la façon dont ils font en vue de bâtir des systèmes humains favorables à la vie de l’être humain.

Après la seconde guerre mondiale, des conflits ont éclaté à la suite de l’indépendance de certains pays des forces coloniales ou des conflits par procuration alimentés par les deux camps politico-militaires (Nato / Varsovie). Mais depuis le début des années 90, une série d’accélération des conflits a été provoquée par la détérioration des conditions socio-économiques, les divisions interethniques enracinées, les luttes socio-politiques, les catastrophes environnementales, les crimes organisé et pratiqués par des États dictatoriaux

envers leurs citoyens, ou par des États en faillite; tout cela a mis sous examen minutieux la volonté réelle et la capacité de la communauté internationale de s’acquitter de la nouvelle responsabilité de faire respecter les droits de l’homme et la démocratisation.

Les guerres et crises mal gérées dans les années 80 et 90 comme au (Liban, Afghanistan, Cambodge, Somalie, Rwanda, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Kosovo, etc.), et dans les années 2000 et 2010 (Irak, Géorgie, L’Ukraine, l’Abkhazie, etc.), et dans les années 2011- présent (Syrie, Yémen, Venezuela), ainsi que l’inquiétude croissante de la communauté internationale face aux nouvelles menaces comme l’épidémie de VIH, La Covid-19, le terrorisme ethnique ou religieux et les catastrophes naturelles, ont conduit à une réflexion approfondie sur ce que le monde doit être. Un endroit sûr concernant la réponse a été de reconsidérer le lien entre la sécurité, la résilience, les droits de l’homme et le développement dont est issu le discours sur la sécurité humaine accompagnée de la résilience vers le développement durable.

Dans le scénario de l’après-guerre froide, les défis les plus urgents pour la paix étaient les conflits qui naissent au sein des nations plutôt qu’entre elles, les principales causes de ces conflits résident dans le développement des problèmes sans solutions, tels que (la pauvreté, le chômage, les famine, les affrontements ethniques et religieux, les guerres civiles, la domination confessionnelle et tribale des régimes dictatoriaux-militaires et leurs oppressions continues sur les autres composantes des nations qui gouvernent par la force armée, etc).

Par conséquent, pour atteindre des objectifs majeurs tels que la paix sociale et civile, la démocratisation, les droits de l’homme, la protection de l’environnement, le développement durable etc., des moyens militaires responsables et neutres et un jugement de sécurité centré sur l’état de droit efficace doivent être installer pour éliminer ces causes.

Dans d’autres pays, et depuis des décennies comme les pays de dictature, le slogan de la résilience est toujours levé, en même temps que le catastrophisme se renouvelle autour du concept d’effondrement total, gagnant du terrain parmi les pratiques consacrées à la réalité politique et socio-économique. La réalité montre qu’il y a des gens qui ne changent pas, et il y a des dirigeants (des pays de dictatures surtout Arabes et Moyen-Oriental) incarnent le statu quo dans leurs pays pour perpétuer leurs dominions et leurs profits de l’éternité de leurs autorités tout en levant le slogan (la résilience et la confrontation à l’impérialisme).

Face à ces menaces de l’être humain et de la nature qui l’héberge nait la résilience, d’abord comme un concept, puis en théorie, ensuite comme des pratiques au travers le monde tout entier faisant partie d’un programme de développement local, national et mondial.

Ce livre aborde le sujet de la résilience d’une façon approfondie (méthodologiquement et pratiquement) commençant par l’éclairage de la signification du concept et des multiples définitions jusqu’à la présentation des recherches & développement de la résilience dans l’état actuelle de la globalisation. Le livre contient une quinzaine de chapitres, présenté par ordre méthodologique, comme le suivant.

Le premier chapitre présente le concept et les définitions de la résilience.

Le deuxième chapitre éclaire les origines du concept de la résilience.

Le troisième chapitre explique la réalité de la résilience dans le monde.

Le quatrième chapitre décrit les domaines et les dimensions de la résilience.

Le cinquième chapitre illustre les types de résilience.

Le sixième chapitre mise en lumière la théorie de la résilience et son cadre conceptuel.

Le septième chapitre présente les modèles de résilience.

Le huitième chapitre montre comment bâtir la résilience organisationnelle.

Le neuvième chapitre aborde la résilience comme: une clé des initiatives de transition et un outil de développement des territoires

Le dixième chapitre traite la sécurité humaine, la résilience vs du développement durable.

Le onzième chapitre présente la résilience et l’adaptation socio-économiques vs la Covid-19 en Occident.

Le douzième chapitre traite la résilience et l’adaptation socio-économiques vs les risques de guerres dans des pays dictatoriaux du Moyen-Orient.

Le treizième chapitre mis au point la résilience dans la pratique.

Le quatorzième chapitre montre comment mesurer et évaluer la résilience.

Le quinzième chapitre propose l’état de recherche & développement sur la résilience.

Enfin, le livre propose un Modèle pratique à appliquer sur la résilience.

Les références sont à la fin du livre.

C’est un livre offre une contribution scientifique supplémentaire au sujet de la résilience.

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